What is the Car Emergency Jump Starter?

The car emergency jump starter (JA301)is a multifunctional portable mobile power supply developed for car lovers and business people who drive and travel. Its characteristic function is to start the car when it loses electricity or cannot start the car for other reasons. At the same time, the air pump (air inflator) is combined with an emergency power supply, outdoor lighting, and other functions, and it is one of the must-have products for outdoor travel.

What is the car emergency jump starter?

The design concept of an automobile car emergency jump starter is easy to operate, convenient to carry, and able to respond to various emergency situations. At present, there are two main types of emergency starting power supplies for automobiles on the market, one is a lead-acid battery type, and the other is a lithium polymer type.
The lead-acid battery type of automobile car emergency jump starter is more traditional, and it uses a maintenance-free lead-acid battery, which is larger in mass and volume, and the corresponding battery capacity, starting current, etc. will also be relatively large. Such products are generally equipped with an air pump, and also have functions such as overcurrent, overload, overcharge, and reverse connection indication protection, which can charge various electronic products, and some products also have functions such as inverters.
Lithium polymer emergency starter power supplies for automobiles are relatively new and trendy. They are light and compact and can be mastered with one hand. Only high-end models of this kind of product are equipped with an air pump (GREPOW can produce such car emergency jump starter products), with an overcharge shutdown function, and a powerful lighting function, which can power various electronic products. The lighting of this type of product generally has the function of flashing or SOS remote LED rescue signal light, which is more practical.

Applications of jump starter

Types and characteristics of car jump starter

At present, the following categories are mainly used as emergency starting power sources in the world, but no matter which category it is, there are higher requirements for the discharge rate. For example, the lead-acid battery of an electric bicycle and the lithium battery of a mobile phone charger are far from enough to start a car.

1. Lead-acid jump starter

a. Traditional flat lead-acid batteries: The advantages are low price, extensive durability, high-temperature safety; disadvantages are bulky, frequent charging and maintenance, dilute sulfuric acid is easy to leak or dry out, and cannot be used at low temperatures below 0°C.
b. Coiled battery: The advantage is that it is cheap, compact, and portable, safe at high temperature, can be used at low temperature below -10°C, simple to maintain, and long life; the disadvantage is that it is relatively large in size and weight, and has fewer functions than lithium batteries.

2. Lithium-ion jump starter

a. Polymer lithium cobalt oxide battery: The advantages are small, beautiful, multifunctional, portable, and long standby time; the disadvantages of ordinary batteries are that high temperature will explode, low temperature can not be used, complex protection circuit, can not be overloaded, small capacity, high-quality products are expensive.
b. Lithium iron phosphate battery: The advantages are small and portable, beautiful, long standby time, long life, higher temperature resistance than polymer batteries, and can be used at low temperatures below -10°C; the disadvantage of ordinary batteries is that high temperatures above 70°C are unsafe and protect the circuit Complicated, the capacity is smaller than the winding battery, the price is more expensive than the polymer battery.
But GREPOW high-rate lithium polymer and lifepo4 batteries have three types of high temperature, low temperature, and normal temperature, which can meet all your needs.

3. Capacitors

Supercapacitor: The advantages are small and portable, the discharge current is large, the charging is fast, and the life is long; the disadvantage is that it is not safe at high temperatures above 70°C, the protection circuit is complicated, the capacity is the smallest, and the price is extremely expensive.

Product features

1.The car emergency jump starter can ignite all cars with 12V battery output, but the applicable product range of cars with different displacements will be different, and it can provide services such as field emergency rescue;
2. Standard LED super bright white light, flickering warning light, and SOS signal light, a good helper for travel;
3. The car emergency start power supply not only supports car emergency start but also supports a variety of outputs, including 5V output (supporting various mobile phones and other mobile products), 12V output (supporting routers and other products), 19V output (supporting most laptop products) ), increasing the wide range of applications in life;
4. The car's car emergency jump starter has a built-in maintenance-free lead-acid battery, and there is also a high-performance polymer lithium-ion battery, with a wide range of options;
5. Lithium-ion polymer automobile emergency start-up power supply has a long service life, charging and discharging cycles can reach more than 500 times, and it can start the car 20 times when it is fully charged (the battery is displayed in 5 bars) (the author uses this, not all brands);
6. The lead-acid battery emergency start power supply is equipped with an air pump with a pressure of 120PSI, which can be easily inflated.
7. Special note: The battery level of the lithium-ion polymer car emergency jump starter must be above 3 bars before the car can be ignited, so as not to burn the car's emergency starting power host. Just remember to charge it.

Instructions

1. Pull up the manual brake, place the clutch in neutral, check the starter switch, and it should be in the OFF position.
2.  Please place the emergency starter on stable ground or a non-moving platform, away from the engine and belts.
3. Connect the red positive clip (+) of the "emergency starter" to the positive electrode of the battery that lacks power. And make sure the connection is firm.
4. Connect the black auxiliary machine clip (-) of the "emergency starter" to the grounding pole of the car, and make sure that the connection is firm.
5. Check the correctness and firmness of the connection.
6. Start the car (no more than 5 seconds). If a start is not successful, please wait for more than 5 seconds.
7. After success, remove the negative clamp from the grounding pole.
8. Remove the red positive clip of the "emergency starter" from the positive pole of the battery.
9. Please charge the battery after use.

Jump starter charging

Please use the supplied special electric appliance for charging. Before using it for the first time, please charge the device for 12 hours. The lithium-ion polymer battery usually can be fully charged in 4 hours. It is not as long as it is said that the longer it is, the better. Maintenance-free lead-acid batteries require different charging times depending on the capacity of the product, but the charging time is often longer than that of lithium polymer batteries.

Lithium polymer charging steps

1. Insert the included charging cable female plug into the “emergency starter” charging connection port, and confirm that it is secure.
2. Plug the other end of the charging cable into the mains socket and make sure it is secure. (220V)
3. At this time, the charging indicator will light up, indicating that charging is in progress.
4. After the charging is completed, the indicator light is turned off, and let it stand for 1 hour, and the battery voltage reaches the requirement, which means it is fully charged.
5. The charging time should not be longer than 24 hours.

Maintenance-free lead-acid battery charging steps

1. Insert the included charging cable female plug into the “emergency starter” charging connection port, and confirm that it is secure.
2. Plug the other end of the charging cable into the mains socket and make sure it is secure. (220V)
3. At this time, the charging indicator will light up, indicating that charging is in progress.
4. After the indicator light turns green, it indicates that the charging is complete.
5. For the first use, it is recommended to charge for a long time.

Recycle

In order to achieve the maximum service life of the car's starting power supply, it is recommended to keep the unit fully charged at all times. If the power supply is not kept fully charged, the life of the power supply will be shortened. If not in use, please ensure that it is charged and discharged every 3 months.

The Principle of Automotive Power Architecture Design

The power architecture of most cars must follow the most basic principles when designing, but not every designer has a thorough understanding of these principles. The following are the six basic principles that need to be followed when designing automotive power architectures.

1. Input voltage VIN range

The transient range of the 12V battery voltage determines the input voltage range of the power conversion IC.
The typical car battery voltage range is 9V to 16V. When the engine is off, the nominal voltage of the car battery is 12V; when the engine is working, the battery voltage is around 14.4V. However, under different conditions, the transient voltage may also reach ±100V. The ISO7637-1 industry-standard defines the voltage fluctuation range of automotive batteries. Part of the waveforms given by the ISO7637 standard shows the critical conditions that high-voltage automotive power converters need to meet. In addition to ISO7637-1, there are some battery operating ranges and environments defined for gas engines. Most of the new specifications are proposed by different OEM manufacturers and do not necessarily follow industry standards. However, any new standard requires the system to have overvoltage and Undervoltage protection.

2. Heat dissipation considerations

Heat dissipation needs to be designed according to the lowest efficiency of the DC-DC converter
For applications with poor air circulation or even no air circulation, if the ambient temperature is high (> 30°C) and there is a heat source (> 1W) in the enclosure, the device will quickly heat up (> 85°C). For example, most audio amplifiers need to be installed on a heat sink and need to provide good air circulation conditions to dissipate heat. In addition, PCB materials and a certain amount of copper-clad area help to improve the heat transfer efficiency, so as to achieve the best heat dissipation conditions. If a heat sink is not used, the heat dissipation capacity of the exposed pad on the package is limited to 2W to 3W (85°C). As the ambient temperature increases, the heat dissipation capacity will be significantly reduced.
When the battery voltage is converted into a low voltage (for example 3.3V) output, the linear regulator will consume 75% of the input power, which is extremely low inefficiency. In order to provide 1W of output power, 3W of power will be consumed as heat. Limited by the ambient temperature and the case/junction thermal resistance, the 1W maximum output power will be significantly reduced. For most high-voltage DC-DC converters, when the output current is in the range of 150mA to 200mA, LDO can provide a higher cost performance.
To convert the battery voltage too low voltage (for example 3.3V), when the power reaches 3W, a high-end switching converter needs to be selected, which can provide an output power of more than 30W. This is also the reason why automotive power supply manufacturers usually choose switching power supply solutions and reject traditional LDO-based architectures.

3. Quiescent current (IQ) and shutdown current (ISD)

With the rapid increase in the number of electronic control units (ECUs) in automobiles, the total current consumed from the car's battery is also increasing. Even when the engine is turned off and the battery is exhausted, some ECU units still keep working. In order to ensure that the static operating current IQ is within the controllable range, most OEM manufacturers begin to limit the IQ of each ECU. For example, the EU requirement is 100μA/ECU. Most EU automotive standards stipulate that the typical value of ECU IQ is less than 100μA. Devices that always keep working, such as CAN transceivers, real-time clocks, and the current consumption of microcontrollers are the main considerations for ECU IQ. The power supply design needs to consider the minimum IQ budget.

4. Cost control

Jump starter OEM manufacturers' compromise between cost and specifications is an important factor affecting the power supply bill of materials
For mass-produced products, the cost is an important factor to be considered in the design. PCB type, heat dissipation capacity, allowable package selection, and other design constraints are actually limited by the budget of a particular project. For example, using a 4-layer board FR4 and a single-layer board CM3, the heat dissipation capacity of the PCB will be very different.
The project budget will also lead to another constraint. Users can accept higher-cost ECUs, but will not spend time and money on transforming traditional power supply designs. For some high-cost new development platforms, designers simply make some simple modifications to the unoptimized traditional power supply design.

5. Position/layout

PCB and component layout in power supply design will limit the overall performance of the power supply
Structural design, circuit board layout, noise sensitivity, multi-layer board interconnection issues, and other layout restrictions will restrict the design of high-chip integrated power supplies. Using point-of-load power to generate all necessary power will also result in high costs, and it is not ideal to integrate many components on a single chip. Power supply designers need to balance overall system performance, mechanical constraints, and cost according to specific project requirements.

6. Electromagnetic radiation

The time-varying electric field will produce electromagnetic radiation. The intensity of radiation depends on the frequency and amplitude of the field. Electromagnetic interference generated by one working circuit will directly affect another circuit. For example, the interference of radio channels may cause the airbag to malfunction. In order to avoid these negative effects, OEM manufacturers have established maximum electromagnetic radiation limits for ECU units.
In order to keep electromagnetic radiation (EMI) within a controlled range, the type, topology, selection of peripheral components, circuit board layout, and shielding of the DC-DC converter are all very important. After years of accumulation, power IC designers have developed various techniques to limit EMI. External clock synchronization, operating frequency higher than the AM modulation frequency band, built-in MOSFET, soft switching technology, spread spectrum technology, etc. are all EMI suppression solutions introduced in recent years.

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